Classification of non-woven fabrics and other fabrics

Non-woven fabric, also known as non-woven fabric. It refers to a fiber layer composed of a certain orientation or random arrangement without traditional spinning, weaving or knitting process, or the fiber layer is interwoven with the yarn, and connected by mechanical entanglement, stitching or chemical, thermal melting and other methods. Into fabric. Compared with other clothing materials, non-woven fabrics have the advantages of short production process, high output, low cost, wide fiber application, excellent product performance, and wide range of uses. The rapid development of non-woven fabrics has become an emerging industry and is increasingly used in various fields of the clothing industry.





(Picture: Non-woven fabric)　


The structure of non-woven fabrics can be divided into the following categories according to the composition and forming method of the web:


1. Non-woven fabric with web structure


(1) Fiber bonding method Laying short fibers into a thin fiber web, and bonding the fibers to each other by overlapping the fiber web itself or vertically and horizontally to make a cloth. Including adhesive bonding and hot melt bonding.


a. Adhesive bonding refers to the use of synthetic resin or synthetic fiber adhesive to fix the fiber layer, so that the fiber web is cured and bonded to become an inseparable non-woven fabric. According to the type of adhesive and processing method, it can be divided into point bonding, sheet film bonding, mass bonding and partial bonding. This type of non-woven fabric has good air permeability, but has a harder hand feel, and is mostly used in wall coverings and disposable products.


b. Hot-melt bonding refers to pre-adding hot-melt fibers to the fiber web. When the overlapped fiber web passes through the heating calender, the hot-melt fibers in the area where the nip or embossing action is melted are produced Reinforcing effect, so as to bond with other fibers. This kind of non-woven fabric has good filtering performance, elasticity and bulkiness, as well as good air permeability and moisture absorption. It is suitable for making flocking, bedding, filter cloth, automobile cloth and tufted carpet for winter clothing. Base cloth.


(2) Bonded non-woven fabric with entangled fibers refers to a fabric made by overlapping appropriate fiber webs and making the fibers entangled well through a certain method (such as needle punching, stitching, etc.) Non-woven fabric similar to felt structure. According to the mode of action, it can be divided into needle punching method, spunlace method, spunbond method and knitting method non-woven fabric weaving.


a. Needle-punched non-woven fabrics use thousands of crochet needles with special structure, which repeatedly move up and down through the fiber web, so that the entire fiber web becomes a dense felt-like non-woven fabric that is entangled, entangled and inseparable . This type of product has a wide range of uses, and can be widely used in geotextiles, bed blankets, filter materials, needle-punched felts and artificial leather backings.


b. Spunlace non-woven fabric is also called needle-free non-woven fabric. It uses many beams of extremely strong water jets to reinforce the fabric. It has high strength, plump feel and good permeability, suitable for clothing lining, shoulder pads, etc.


c. While the spunbond non-woven fabric synthetic fiber stock solution is pressed out from the spinning head to make filaments, the static electricity and high-pressure airflow generated are used to make the fibers fall randomly and disorderly on the metal curtain, and then pass The heating roller is heat-set into a non-woven fabric. Spunbond non-woven fabrics have the advantages of air permeability, water permeability, etc., and are widely used as thermal insulation materials in agriculture and animal husbandry.


d. Stitch-knitting non-woven fabric refers to the random arrangement of fiber webs, which are stitched in multiple ways with a multi-head sewing machine to make a non-woven fabric with a tighter structure. This kind of cloth has the appearance and performance close to traditional clothing materials, and is widely used in clothing fabrics and artificial fur bottom cloth, lining velvet and so on.


2. Yarn-type stitch-bonded structure non-woven fabric


(1) Yarn layer-stitch-bonded yarn-type stitch-bonded non-woven fabric Layered by warp and weft yarns, stitched yarns are knitted according to the warp and flat weave, and the non-woven fabric of the yarn layer is reinforced. The fabric has the appearance of organic fabrics and knitted fabrics, has good dimensional stability and high strength, and is suitable for outerwear fabrics.


(2) Yarn layer—terry stitch-bonded non-woven fabric, the weft yarns are laid out into a net, which is reinforced by the stitched chain structure formed by the stitched yarns. The loop yarn is inserted into the weft section in the stitching area, so that the cloth surface is in the shape of raised loops. It can be used for decorative fabrics, clothing materials, etc.


The application field of non-woven fabrics Although the rise of non-woven fabrics is only half a century, the development speed is very fast. Compared with general interwoven fabrics, due to the uniqueness of its structure and processing methods, it has broad application prospects. Its products have been widely used in civil clothing, decorative fabrics, industrial fabrics, medical materials, military industry and high-tech technology and many other fields. There are hundreds of products developed, such as various clothing linings, curtains, Disposable products for medical and health care, geotextiles, filter cloths, cushions, wall coverings, carpets, baby diapers, packaging materials and crop insulation sheds, etc.