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Cross non woven fabric/ Cambrella Fabric
Non-woven fabric application vegetable production and matters needing attention
by：Sunshine
2021-04-07
Non-woven fabrics are also called spunbond non-woven fabrics and non-woven fabrics, which are chemical fiber fabrics directly processed by hot-melt bonding. The raw material is mostly polyester filament or polypropylene fiber, which is another new type of covering and thermal insulation material popularized and applied in vegetable production after plastic film. It has good light permeability, high air permeability, and strong moisture permeability. It has the characteristics of comprehensive adjustment of the environment such as wind resistance, low temperature and frost damage, prevention of diseases and insects, and dehumidification. It can also alleviate the hazards of high temperature and strong light, and reduce the surface wind speed in the coverage area. Coordinating the temperature in the coverage area.
1. The main properties of non-woven fabrics
1.1 Insulation
Non-woven fabrics have high transmittance for short-wave light, but lower transmittance for long-wave light than plastic films. Since the heat dissipation in the radiation area at night mainly relies on long-wave radiation, the temperature of the coverage area is relatively slow. The non-woven fabric can not only increase the temperature and moisturize, but also avoid the phenomenon of high temperature harming the crops.
1.2 Breathable and humidity control
The non-woven fabric is made of filaments stacked on each other into a net shape, has a high porosity, is breathable, water permeable, and automatically adjusts the humidity. Generally, the humidity in the area covered by non-woven fabrics will drop to about 60% as the sun rises to noon, which can effectively prevent condensation in the covered area due to excessive humidity, and can prevent or reduce leaf diseases and fruit rotten.
1.3 Shading and cooling
Colored non-woven fabric (color cloth) has the function of shading and cooling. Non-woven fabrics of different colors have different shading and cooling effects. The shading effect is black better than yellow, and yellow is better than blue.
1.4 Anti-aging
The agricultural non-woven fabric has undergone anti-aging treatment. The anti-aging degree is related to its thickness and use time. The thicker the fabric, the lower the strength loss rate. The strength of 30g/m2 non-woven fabric remains above 40% after 3 years of use, and it can be used for covering vegetables for 2 to 3 years.
2. Application of non-woven fabrics in vegetable production
One is to make the second curtain of the greenhouse. In greenhouses and sheds, 30-50g/m2 non-woven fabrics are used as the second curtain insulation curtain. The second curtain is opened during the day to let the vegetables shine, and close tightly at night, leaving no gaps to achieve the effect of heat preservation and increase the temperature. 1～3℃, and can reduce the humidity in the shed, prevent the formation of fog, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Vegetables are cultivated later in autumn and winter, and non-woven fabrics can also be used as a canopy.
The second is to directly cover small and medium sheds. In the low temperature season from January to February, in order to protect the seedlings from freezing damage, small sheds are often used in large sheds, and non-woven fabrics are used to replace straw curtains, which have the advantages of heat preservation and convenient operation. The specific method is: select 30-50g/m2 of non-woven fabric, cover it on the small shed, and cover it with a layer of agricultural film, which has a good heat preservation effect. When the lowest temperature in the open field is 0℃ and the lowest temperature in the greenhouse is 1℃, the temperature in the single-layer film shed is 6℃, while the temperature in the small shed covered with non-woven fabric and agricultural film is 7.8℃.
Non-woven fabrics can also be used for shading and cooling in small and medium-sized sheds in summer and autumn, for vegetable seedling cultivation or sun-shading and heat-proof cultivation. Covering with non-woven fabrics (color cloth) for production in protected areas during the high temperature period in summer can reduce the invasion of a variety of pests and help reduce the occurrence of vegetable diseases such as virus diseases, sunburn, and epidemic diseases.
Third, the floating surface in the greenhouse is covered with heat preservation, that is, the non-woven fabric is directly covered on the vegetables after planting. The method is: cover around 5 o'clock in the evening every day, and uncover after 8 o'clock in the morning the next day, which can improve the quality and yield of vegetables.
The fourth is the open field overwintering vegetables to keep warm. The effect is more obvious than that in the greenhouse. It can not only prevent the damage of frost, promote the growth of vegetables and improve the quality, but also can make the market early. The method is to uncover it day by day and cover it by night. According to experiments, celery, spinach, lettuce, bean sprouts, green vegetables, etc. cultivated in the open field, covered with non-woven fabric, can increase the yield by about 20%, and market 10-20 days earlier.
3. Precautions when using
The yield-increasing effect of non-woven fabrics can only be brought into full play under the premise of technical matching. It is necessary to choose different covering methods and time according to different crops, different varieties, and different cultivation methods. When used in the greenhouse, it should be uncovered during the day and covered at night, so as to increase the light during the day and keep warm at night to reduce the occurrence of diseases. Vegetables cultivated in the open field should generally be exposed during the day and covered at night. If you use a non-woven fabric below 20g/m2, it can be covered day and night, but it must be covered tightly to prevent it from being blown off by the wind. When harvesting, do the harvesting and exposing as many as possible to prevent low-temperature freezing damage from affecting the quality of vegetables. When seedlings are used, the non-woven fabric should be covered inside the plastic film to keep warm and absorb moisture. After the non-woven fabric is used, it should be washed and dried in time, and placed in a cool place to prevent direct sunlight to avoid aging. It is kept well, and the service life can reach 5 years.
1. The main properties of non-woven fabrics
1.1 Insulation
Non-woven fabrics have high transmittance for short-wave light, but lower transmittance for long-wave light than plastic films. Since the heat dissipation in the radiation area at night mainly relies on long-wave radiation, the temperature of the coverage area is relatively slow. The non-woven fabric can not only increase the temperature and moisturize, but also avoid the phenomenon of high temperature harming the crops.
1.2 Breathable and humidity control
The non-woven fabric is made of filaments stacked on each other into a net shape, has a high porosity, is breathable, water permeable, and automatically adjusts the humidity. Generally, the humidity in the area covered by non-woven fabrics will drop to about 60% as the sun rises to noon, which can effectively prevent condensation in the covered area due to excessive humidity, and can prevent or reduce leaf diseases and fruit rotten.
1.3 Shading and cooling
Colored non-woven fabric (color cloth) has the function of shading and cooling. Non-woven fabrics of different colors have different shading and cooling effects. The shading effect is black better than yellow, and yellow is better than blue.
1.4 Anti-aging
The agricultural non-woven fabric has undergone anti-aging treatment. The anti-aging degree is related to its thickness and use time. The thicker the fabric, the lower the strength loss rate. The strength of 30g/m2 non-woven fabric remains above 40% after 3 years of use, and it can be used for covering vegetables for 2 to 3 years.
2. Application of non-woven fabrics in vegetable production
One is to make the second curtain of the greenhouse. In greenhouses and sheds, 30-50g/m2 non-woven fabrics are used as the second curtain insulation curtain. The second curtain is opened during the day to let the vegetables shine, and close tightly at night, leaving no gaps to achieve the effect of heat preservation and increase the temperature. 1～3℃, and can reduce the humidity in the shed, prevent the formation of fog, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Vegetables are cultivated later in autumn and winter, and non-woven fabrics can also be used as a canopy.
The second is to directly cover small and medium sheds. In the low temperature season from January to February, in order to protect the seedlings from freezing damage, small sheds are often used in large sheds, and non-woven fabrics are used to replace straw curtains, which have the advantages of heat preservation and convenient operation. The specific method is: select 30-50g/m2 of non-woven fabric, cover it on the small shed, and cover it with a layer of agricultural film, which has a good heat preservation effect. When the lowest temperature in the open field is 0℃ and the lowest temperature in the greenhouse is 1℃, the temperature in the single-layer film shed is 6℃, while the temperature in the small shed covered with non-woven fabric and agricultural film is 7.8℃.
Non-woven fabrics can also be used for shading and cooling in small and medium-sized sheds in summer and autumn, for vegetable seedling cultivation or sun-shading and heat-proof cultivation. Covering with non-woven fabrics (color cloth) for production in protected areas during the high temperature period in summer can reduce the invasion of a variety of pests and help reduce the occurrence of vegetable diseases such as virus diseases, sunburn, and epidemic diseases.
Third, the floating surface in the greenhouse is covered with heat preservation, that is, the non-woven fabric is directly covered on the vegetables after planting. The method is: cover around 5 o'clock in the evening every day, and uncover after 8 o'clock in the morning the next day, which can improve the quality and yield of vegetables.
The fourth is the open field overwintering vegetables to keep warm. The effect is more obvious than that in the greenhouse. It can not only prevent the damage of frost, promote the growth of vegetables and improve the quality, but also can make the market early. The method is to uncover it day by day and cover it by night. According to experiments, celery, spinach, lettuce, bean sprouts, green vegetables, etc. cultivated in the open field, covered with non-woven fabric, can increase the yield by about 20%, and market 10-20 days earlier.
3. Precautions when using
The yield-increasing effect of non-woven fabrics can only be brought into full play under the premise of technical matching. It is necessary to choose different covering methods and time according to different crops, different varieties, and different cultivation methods. When used in the greenhouse, it should be uncovered during the day and covered at night, so as to increase the light during the day and keep warm at night to reduce the occurrence of diseases. Vegetables cultivated in the open field should generally be exposed during the day and covered at night. If you use a non-woven fabric below 20g/m2, it can be covered day and night, but it must be covered tightly to prevent it from being blown off by the wind. When harvesting, do the harvesting and exposing as many as possible to prevent low-temperature freezing damage from affecting the quality of vegetables. When seedlings are used, the non-woven fabric should be covered inside the plastic film to keep warm and absorb moisture. After the non-woven fabric is used, it should be washed and dried in time, and placed in a cool place to prevent direct sunlight to avoid aging. It is kept well, and the service life can reach 5 years.
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